Graduate Calendar Archives: 1998 / 1999

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Mackenzie Building 3135
Telephone: 520-5684
Fax: 520-5715

The Department

Chair of the Department, Robert Bell

Associate Chair (Graduate Studies), F.F. Afagh

In addition to University and Graduate Faculty regulations, all Engineering departments share common procedures that are described in Section 18 of the General Regulations (see p. 69).

The Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering offers programs of study and research leading to M.Eng. degrees in Aerospace Engineering, Materials Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, and to Ph.D. degrees in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. These degrees are offered through the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, which is jointly administered by the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Carleton University, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Ottawa. For further information, including admission and program requirements, see p. 248.

Programs of research and study are offered in several areas:

• Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics
• Heat Transfer
• Stress and Failure Analysis
• Lightweight Structures and Aeroelasticity
• Vibration Analysis
• Computer-Aided Design and Engineering
• Robotics
• Vehicle (Performance and Safety)
• Engineering
• Nuclear Engineering
• Energy Systems
• Energy Conversion and Utilization
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Materials Engineering

The Department has a major research commitment, both analytical and experimental, to thermofluid-dynamic and mechanical problems of gas turbine engine design and operation. Current work includes flow prediction and analysis in turbo-machines; two-and three-dimensional boundary layer behaviour; tip-leakage effects and other losses; dynamics of gas turbine power plants; design and performance of highly loaded turbines; engine noise; stress, deformation, and vibration of compressor and turbine blades and discs; finite element analysis; dynamics of high-speed rotors and failure modes of materials in extreme environments.

Another area of intense research effort in the Department is computer-aided engineering. Activities in this field include computer-aided analysis (including computational fluid dynamics as well as the finite and boundary element methods), computer-aided design, and computer-integrated manufacturing. Projects include thermal and mechanical analysis of welding and casting processes, heat and fluid flow analyses, stress, deformation (manufacturing processes), vibration and fracture mechanics studies, and solids modelling. Computer-aided engineering is well supported by computer hardware and software, including a state-of-the-art network of engineering workstations. The Department has a substantial involvement in the Manufacturing Research Centre of Ontario.

As part of the faculty interest in transportation, the Department is active in research on air and ground vehicle technology. Current studies include computational methods for steady and unsteady flows over complex configurations; effects of roughness on aerodynamic performance; aircraft noise; boundary layer separation and control; propeller and rotor aerodynamics and noise. The Transport Technology Research Laboratory has been organized for ground transport studies; design and optimization of off-road vehicles; vehicle safety; anti-lock braking systems; vehicle-terrain interaction; effect of vibration on vehicle performance; dynamics of air-cushion and magnetically levitated vehicles and composite and structural elements.

Members of the Department are engaged in research on various aspects of energy conversion, storage, and utilization. In addition to the previously mentioned work on gas turbines, research is being undertaken on nuclear energy, effectiveness of energy end-use, and behaviour in wind of energy-conserving cladding systems for buildings. In the nuclear energy field, research is being undertaken in heat transfer and fluid flow aspects of CANDU and SLOWPOKE reactors, with a major effort on thermohydraulic problems in reactor safety. Work is also in progress on reactor safety in general, with a special emphasis on risk. Research activities in this field also include studies on the utilization of CANDU reactors for thermal energy supply as well as electrical generation, and on applications of up-rated SLOWPOKE reactors to low-temperature industrial heating and to building energy needs. Research is being carried out into the structural integrity of CANDU reactor components in the form of evaluations of non-destructive testing methods suitable for zirconium alloy specimens.

Another area of interest is in design, manufacturing, and materials technology; in particular, there are programs on the properties of welded joints, heat treatment and forming studies.

The departmental laboratories are well equipped for the various research activities described above, and these are supported by a machine shop, electronics shop, and extensive computing facilities mentioned earlier.

The extensive laboratory facilities of the National Research Council, and of the Department of Resources Canada are also used, by special arrangement, for research and graduate studies of mutual interest. Strong contacts are maintained with the gas turbine, aircraft, and nuclear power industries.

Graduate Courses

Not all of the following courses are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for 1998-99, please consult the Registration Instructions and Class Schedule booklet published in the summer.

F,W,S indicates term of offering. Courses offered in the fall and winter are followed by T. The number following the letter indicates the credit weight of the course: 1 denotes 0.5 credit, 2 denotes 1.0 credit, etc.

Engineering 88.500F1 (MCG5300)
Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics

Differential equations of motion. Viscous and inviscid regions. Potential flow: superposition; thin airfoils; finite wings; compressibility corrections. Viscous flow: thin shear layer approximation; laminar layers; transition; turbulence modelling. Convective heat transfer: free versus forced convection; energy and energy integral equations; turbulent diffusion.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 87.432«, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.501W1 (MCG5301)
Theory of Viscous Flows

Navier-Stokes and boundary layer equations; mean flow equations for turbulent kinetic energy; integral formulations. Stability, transition, turbulence, Reynolds stresses; separation. Calculation methods, closure schemes. Compressibility, heat transfer, and three-dimensional effects.

Engineering 88.503F1 (MCG5303)
Incompressible Non-Viscous Flow

The fundamental equations and theorems for non-viscous fluid flow; solution of two-dimensional and axisymmetric potential flows; low-speed airfoil and cascade theory; wing lifting-line theory; panel methods.

Engineering 88.504F1 (MCG5304)
Compressible Non-Viscous Flow

Steady isentropic, frictional, and diabatic flow; shock waves; irrotational compressible flow, small perturbation theory and similarity rules; second-order theory and unsteady, one-dimensional flow.

Engineering 88.508W1 (MCG5308)
Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics

Fundamentals of techniques of simulation of fluid dynamic phenomena. Theoretical basis, principles of design, performance and instrumentation of ground test facilities. Applications to aerodynamic testing.

Engineering 88.509W1 (MCG5309)
Environmental Fluid Mechanics Relating to Energy Utilization

Characteristics of energy sources and emissions into the environment. The atmosphere; stratification and stability, equations of motion, simple winds, mean flow, turbulence structure and dispersion near the ground. Flow and dispersion in groundwater, rivers, lakes and oceans. Physical and analytical modelling of environmental flows.

Engineering 88.510W1 (MCG5310)
Performance and Economics of Aircraft

Aircraft performance analysis with emphasis on factors affecting take-off, landing and economic performance; high lift schemes; operating economics.

Engineering 88.511F1 (MCG5311)
Dynamics and Aerodynamics of Flight

Static stability theory. Euler’s equations for rigid body motion; the linearized equations of motion; stability derivatives and their estimation. Longitudinal and lateral dynamic response of an aircraft to control and disturbance.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 87.438«, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.514F1 (MCG5314)
Ground Transportation Systems and Vehicles

Performance characteristics, handling and directional stability, ride comfort and safety of various types of ground vehicle systems including road vehicles, terrain-vehicle systems, guided transport systems, and advanced ground transport technology.

Engineering 88.515W (MCG5315)
Orbital Mechanics and Space Control

Orbital dynamics and perturbations due to the Earth’s figure, the sun, and the moon with emphasis on mission planning and analysis. Rigid body dynamics applied to transfer orbit and on-orbit momentum management and control of spacecraft. Effects of flexible structures on a spacecraft control system.

Engineering 88.517W1 (MCG5317)
Experimental Stress Analysis

Introduction to theory of elasticity. Photo-elasticity: types of polariscopes, two- and three-dimensional stress fields, frozen patterns. Photoelastic coatings. Strain gauges; gauge factors, sensitivity, calibration, and temperature compensation. Moire fringes, brittle lacquers, mechanical strain gauges.

Engineering 88.521W1 (MCG5321)
Methods of Energy Conversion

Technical, economic and environmental aspects of present and proposed large-scale systems of energy conversion.

Engineering 88.530F1 (MCG5330)
Engineering Acoustics

Review of acoustic waves in compressible fluids; acoustic pressure, intensity and impedance; physical interpretation and measurement; transmission through media; layers, in-homogeneous media, solids; acoustic systems; rooms, ducts, resonators, mufflers, properties of transducers; microphones, loudspeakers, computational acoustics.

Engineering 88.531W1 (MCG5331)
Aeroacoustics

The convected wave equation; theory of subsonic and supersonic jet noise; propeller and helicopter noise; fan and compressor noise; boundary layer noise, interior noise; propagation in the atmosphere; sonic boom; impact on environment.

Engineering 88.532F1 (MCG5332)
Instrumentation Techniques

An introduction for the non-specialists to the concepts of digital and analog electronics with emphasis on data acquisition, processing and analysis. Topics covered include operational amplifiers, signal processing, digital logic systems, computer interfacing, noise in electronic systems. Hands-on sessions illustrate theory and practice.

Engineering 88.534W1 (MCG5334)
Computational Fluid Dynamics of Compressible Flows

Solution techniques for parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic equations developed for problems of interest to fluid dynamics with appropriate stability considerations. A staged approach to solution of full Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is used. Grid generation techniques appropriate for compressible flows are introduced.

Engineering 88.541F1 (MCG5341)
Turbomachinery

Types of machines. Similarity: performance parameters; characteristics; cavitation. Velocity triangles. Euler equation: impulse and reaction. Radial pumps and compressors: analysis, design and operation. Axial pumps and compressors: cascade and blade-element methods; staging; off-design performance; stall and surge. Axial turbines. Current design practice.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 88.435«, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.542W1 (MCG5342)
Gas Turbines

Interrelationship among thermodynamic, aerodynamic, and mechanical design. Ideal and real cycle calculations. Cycle optimization; turbo-shaft, turbojet, turbofan. Component performance. Off-design performance; matching of compressor, turbine, nozzle. Twin-spool matching.

Engineering 88.543W1 (MCG5343)
Advanced Thermodynamics

The course covers three major topics: review of fundamentals from a consistent viewpoint, properties and equations of state, and applications and special topics. The third topic includes an introduction to statistical thermodynamics.

Engineering 88.547W1 (MCG5347)
Conductive and Radiative Heat Transfer

Analytical, numerical and analog solutions to steady-state and transient conduction heat transfer in multi-dimensional systems. Radiative heat exchange between black, grey, non-grey diffusive and specular surfaces, including effects of athermanous media.

Engineering 88.548W1 (MCG5348)
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer

Analogies between heat, mass and momentum transfer. Forced and free convection relations for laminar and turbulent flows analytically developed where possible and otherwise deduced from experimental results, for simple shapes and in heat exchangers. Mass transfer theory and applications.

Engineering 88.550W1 (MCG5350)
Advanced Vibration Analysis

General theory of discrete multi-degree-of-freedom vibrating systems. Emphasis on numerical techniques of solving complex vibrating systems, with selected applications from aeronautical, civil, and mechanical engineering.

Engineering 88.552W1 (MCG5352)
Optimal Control Systems

Review of transfer function and state-space system descriptions. Elements of the optimal control problem. Variational calculus. Optimal state feedback control. Riccati equations. Optimal observers and Kalman-Bucy Filters. Extension to discrete time systems including an introduction to dynamic programing. Practical applications are emphasized throughout the course.

Engineering 88.553F1 (MCG5353)
Robotics

The history of and introduction to robotics methodology. Robots and manipulators; homogeneous transformation, kinematic equations, solving kinematic equations, differential relationships, motion trajectories, dynamics. Control; feedback control, compliance, servomotors, actuators, external and internal sensors, grippers and vision systems. Microprocessors and their application to robot control. Programing.

Engineering 88.554W1 (MCG5354)
Guidance, Navigation and Control

Guidance system classification, flight control systems, targeting, target tracking, sensing. Modern multivariable control analysis; design requirements, sensitivity, robustness, perturbations, performance analysis. Modern filtering and estimation techniques. Terrestrial navigation; tactical air navigation (TACAN), star trackers Guidance mission and performance. Aircraft, missile and spacecraft guidance and control.

Engineering 88.555F1 (MCG5355)
Stability Theory and Applications

Fundamental concepts and characteristics of modern stability definitions. Sensitivity and variational equations; linear variational equations; phase space analysis; Lyapunov’s direct method. Autonomous and nonautonomous systems; stability in first approximation; the effect of force type on stability; frequency method.

Engineering 88.561W1 (MCG5361)
Creative Problem Solving and Design

Problem-solving processes and how they can be applied in engineering design. Emphasis on learning methodologies rather than accumulating information. Techniques can be successfully applied in any engineering speciality. (Also offered as Industrial Design 85.531)

Engineering 88.562F1 (MCG5362)
Failure Prevention (Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue)

Design of engineering structures to ensure against failure due to fatigue or brittle fracture. Nature of fatigue and brittle fracture; selection of suitable material, geometry, and inspection procedures for the load and environmental conditions.

Engineering 88.563W1 (MCG5381)
Lightweight Structures

Structural behaviour. Fundamentals of basic elasticity. Energy methods of structural analysis. Bending, shear, and torsion of open and closed multicell structures. Bending of plates. Structural idealization and its effects on open and closed sections. Structural stability.

Engineering 88.564W1 (MCG5364)
Computational Metallurgy

Development of microstructure in alloys in solidification processes and post-solidification processing. Nucleation and growth of solid phase. Formation of a dendrite structure, macro and micro segregations. Pore formation in castings. Thermodynamic and kinetics of phase transformations and structure evolution in solid alloys.

Engineering 88.565F1 (MCG5365)
Finite Element Analysis I

An introduction to the finite element methodology, with emphasis on applications to heat transfer, fluid flow and stress analysis. The basic concepts of Galerkin’s method, interpolation, numerical integration, and isoparametric elements are taught using simple examples.

Engineering 88.566W1 (MCG5366)
Finite Element Analysis II

Time marching heat flow problems with linear and nonlinear analysis. Static plasticity. Time-dependent deformation problems; viscoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and dynamic analysis. Isoparametric elements and numerical integration are used throughout.

Engineering 88.567F1 (MCG5367)
The Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) Method

Integral equations. The BIE for potential theory and for elastostatics in two-dimensions. Boundary elements and numerical integration schemes. Practical applications.

Engineering 88.568W1 (MCG5368)
Advanced Engineering Materials

The physical metallurgy of important engineering metals and alloys: analytical techniques, crystallography and structure of alloys, dislocation interactions and dissociation, metallurgical thermodynamics and transformations and strengthening mechanisms. Highlights the physical phenomena controlling the properties.
Prerequisite: Engineering 88.270 or the equivalent.

Engineering 88.574W1 (MCG5374)
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS)

Topics essential to CIMS including computer graphics, geometric modelling, numerically controlled machining, and flexible manufacturing. The fundamental data structures and procedures for computerization of engineering design, analysis and production.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 88.474«, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.575F1 (MCG5375)
CAD/CAM

Computer-aided design process, computer graphics including hardware and software standards. Wire frames, boundary representations, constructive solids geometry, sculptured surfaces. Data bases. Graphics and product interchange files. Computer-aided manufacturing; numerical control, CNC, DNC, adaptive control. CAM programing, popular commercial CAD programs. Management issues. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 88.475«, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.580 (MCG5480I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Continuum Mechanics with Application to Plasticity.
Continuum mechanics, primarily from a solid mechanics viewpoint, and elementary plasticity theory. Topics include: tensors, indicial notation and tensor manipulation. Continuum descriptions of deformation, strain and stress. Objective tensors. constitutive relations, elasticity and elementary plasticity. Yield surface, flow potential and normality.

Engineering 88.581 (MCG5489I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Biomechanics.
Human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on artificial organ and prosthetic device design requirements. Application of engineering principles to cells and tissues, biofluid mechanics, human body energetics, measurement techniques, mechanics of the musculoskeletal, circulatory and pulmonary systems. Emphasis on the artificial heart. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 86.496B, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.582 (MCG5483I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Welding Engineering.
Welding processes and design. Topics include: welding processes and symbols, metallurgical aspects of welding, heat transfer, design and stress analysis, fracture of welds, non-destructive testing and welding codes, welding case studies.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 88.496C, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.583 (MCG5488I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Tribology.
Plasma-assisted physical vapour deposition and ion implantation as surface engineering methods. Properties of thin coatings. Wear resistance parameters; hard films such as TiN and carbon-like diamond. Reduction of friction coefficient-thin solid lubricants. Bulk materials. Friction and wear phenomena characterization. Wear processes.

Engineering 88.585 (MCG5482I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Advanced Space Studies.
Space technology, physics and life sciences related to manned spaceflight based upon astronauts’ first year of basic training. Topics may include spacecraft design, technical requirements for manned spaceflight, shuttle systems, biology, fluid physics in microgravity, remote sensing from space, aeronomy, and the mobile servicing system.Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Engineering 86.496A, for which additional credit is precluded.

Engineering 88.586 (MCG5486I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Continuum Thermodynamics.
Equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics as a field theory. Topics include: conditions of equilibrium, Gibbs-Duhem relation, Legendre transforms and their use, Maxwell relations with simple applications, concept of local equilibrium, hydrodynamic equations, phenomenological relations. Applications to both simple and more complex systems.
Prerequisite: Undergraduate courses in matrix algebra, calculus of several variables, ordinary differential equations.

Engineering 88.587 (MCG5387I)
Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Topic for 1998-99: Neuro and Fuzzy Control.
Knowledge-based controllers. Fuzzy control: mathematics, relations, operations, approximate reasoning. Fuzzy knowledge base control and structure. Fuzzification, inference engine, defuzzification. Nonlinear, adaptive fuzzy control systems. Stability. Neuro-control: processing, learning, adaptation of artificial neural systems: associative memories, algorithms, applications, and network implementation. Neurofuzzy systems: industrial applications.

Engineering 88.596F1, W1, S1(MCG5395)
Directed Studies

Engineering 88.598F3, W3, S3(MCG5398)
Independent Engineering Study

Students pursuing a master’s degree by course work carry out an independent study, analysis, and solution of an engineering problem or design project. The results are given in the form of a written report and presented at a departmental seminar. Carried out under the general direction of a faculty member.

Engineering 88.599F4, W4, S4
M.Eng. Thesis

Engineering 88.699F, W, S
Ph.D. Thesis

Other Courses of Particular Interest

Civil and Environmental Engineering

82.511, 82.512, 82.513, 82.524, 82.534

Mathematics and Statistics

70.486

Numerical Analysis

70.586

Numerical Analysis

Physics

75.447

Statistical Physics

75.511

Systems and Computer Engineering

94.501, 94.504, 94.505, 94.541,9 4.542, 94.552, 94.553