Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology
Tory Building 587
Telephone: 520-3888
Fax: 520-4497
The Institute
Director of the Institute:
F.R. Pick
Associate Director:
N. Chaly
Students pursuing studies in biological sciences at the M.Sc. and Ph.D.
levels in the Ottawa area do so in a cooperative program that combines
the resources of the Departments of Biology of Carleton University and
the University of Ottawa. The two universities have a joint committee supervising
the programs, regulations, and student admissions.
Students are admitted for graduate work under the general regulations of
the Institute. Additional criteria for admission include academic performance,
research experience, and referees’ appraisals. The student must also be
accepted by a faculty member who will supervise the research project, and
the choice of supervisor will determine the primary campus location of
the student. The student’s advisory committee will normally include faculty
members from both universities.
Requests for information, and completed applications should be sent to
the director of the Institute, or to the supervisor of graduate studies
at either institution.
Members of the Institute
J.B. Armstrong, Developmental Biology
J.T. Arnason, Biochemical Ecology
B.F. Benkel, Animal Molecular Biology
Linda Bonen, Molecular Biology
D.C.W. Brown, Plant Genetic Engineering
D.L. Brown, Cell Biology
M.J. Canny, Whole Plant Physiology
G.R. Carmody, Population Genetics
P.M. Catling, Plant Biosystematics
Nathalie Chaly, Cell Biology
François Chapleau, Fish Evolution
Christiane Charest, Plant Physiology
Robert Charlebois, Microbiology
D.J. Currie, Community Ecology, Biogeography
Hans Damman, Insect Behavioural Ecology
J.R. Dillon, Molecular Genetics
Guy Drouin, Molecular Genetics
Lenore Fahrig, Population Ecology and Ecological Modelling
J.M. Farber, Food Microbiology
J.C. Fenwick, Comparative Endocrinology
C.S. Findlay, Evolution
L.B. Flanagan, Plant Ecology and Physiological Ecology
Mark Forbes, Evolutionary Ecology
A.J. Gaston, Conservation Biology
S.C. Gleddie, Somatic Cell Genetics
W.D. Gould, Biotechnology
D.A. Hickey, Population Genetics
J.G. Houseman, Insect Physiology
S.L. Jacobson, Excitable Cell Physiology
D.A. Johnson, Molecular Biology
P.A. Keddy, Plant Ecology
Iain Lambert, Molecular Biology and Genetic Toxicology
L.R. Lefkovitch, Mathematical Biology
M.W. McBurney, Developmental Biology
M.E. McCully, Plant Ultrastructure and Development
H.G. Merriam, Woodland Ecosystems
T.W. Moon, Comparative Physiology
Antoine Morin, Freshwater Ecology
Catherine Morris, Physiology of Excitable Cells
Micheline Paulin-Levasseur, Cell Biology
S.B. Peck, Arthropod and Beetle Evolution Systematics
S.F. Perry, Comparative Respiratory Physiology
Bernard Philogène, Ecophysiology of Insects
Frances Pick, Microbial Physiology and Ecology
Jaroslav Picman, Behavioural Ecology
V.L. Seligy, Molecular Genetics
John Sinclair, Biophysics of Cells
Myron Smith, Fungal Molecular Genetics
K.B. Storey, Biochemical Adaptations
J.P. Vierula, Molecular Biology
S.I. Warwick, Plant Systematics
P.J. Weatherhead, Behavioural Ecology
Jean-Michel Weber, Metabolic Physiology
D.M. Wood, Insect Systematics
R.C. Wyndham, Microbial Genetics and Ecology
Hiroshi Yamazaki, Bacterial Metabolism, Biotechnology
Ottawa-Carleton Specialization in Neuroscience
The Departments of Biology and Psychology at Carleton University, and the
Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Psychology at the University of
Ottawa provide a graduate specialization in neuroscience at the M.Sc. and
Ph.D. level. For further details see page 236.
Ottawa-Carleton Collaborative Program in Chemical and Environmental Toxicology
The Departments of Biology and Chemistry at Carleton University and at
the University of Ottawa, and the Department of Psychology at Carleton
University provide a collaborative program in chemical and environmental
toxicology at the M.Sc. level. For further details see page 195.
Each campus is well equipped for a wide range of biological research; some
major equipment and facilities include transmission and scanning electron
microscopes, spectrophotometer, liquid scintillation and other radioactivity
counters, high performance liquid and gas chromatographs, amino acid analyzer,
preparative and analytical ultracentrifuges, electrophysiology equipment,
animal and plant growth facilities, controlled environment cabinets, and
on-line computer access. Students also benefit from the resources of nearby
government laboratories and libraries, for example, Agriculture Canada,
Environment Canada, Health and Welfare Canada, and the National Research
Council.
Master of Science
Admission Requirements
An honours B.Sc. or equivalent degree at a standard acceptable to the two
universities is required for admission to the M.Sc. program. Applicants
with acceptable standing in a non-honours degree may be admitted to a qualifying-year
program which will be determined in each case by the admissions committee.
Applicants must demonstrate a fluent knowledge of English (Carleton), or
either English or French (Ottawa).
Program Requirements
The M.Sc. degree will be conferred upon a candidate who has fulfilled the
following requirements:
-
Completion of the advanced courses specified by the admissions committee
and the student’s advisory committee; these will range from one to three
full (two-term) courses, depending on the background and research program
of the student. At least one course at the graduate level must be included,
and not more than one course at the fourth-year honours level (completed
while registered as a graduate student) may form part of the candidate’s
course requirements. The passing grade for all required courses is 70%
or the equivalent, and the student is not allowed a supplemental examination.
Directed studies or reading courses may not make up more than half of the
required number of courses. The admissions committee or the student’s advisory
committee may also direct the student to take or to audit additional courses.
Knowledge of a second language may be specified as a requirement.
-
Completion of at least two terms as a full-time student resident at one
of the two universities is normally required. Programs for part-time students
may be arranged.
-
Presentation of one public seminar on the candidate’s thesis research
-
Completion of a thesis incorporating the results or original research carried
out under the direct supervision of an approved faculty member
-
Successful oral defence of the thesis before an examination board of at
least three faculty members, normally drawn from both universities
Guidelines for Completion of Master’s Degree
The maximum time limits for the completion of the requirements of the master’s
program are listed in this Calendar in the General Regulations, Section
13. Full-time candidates in the master’s program are expected to complete
their degree requirements within six terms of registered full-time study.
Part-time candidates in the master’s program, and candidates who elect
to complete their program by a combination of full-time and part-time study,
are expected to complete their degree requirements within four calendar
years or twelve terms from the initial registration in the master’s program.
Doctor of Philosophy
Admission Requirements
An M.Sc. from a recognized university is usually required for entry to
the Ph.D. program; however, an applicant with a first class B.Sc. and excellent
references may be admitted directly to the Ph.D. program. A student already
registered for the M.Sc. may be permitted to transfer to the Ph.D. program
following a recommendation by the departmental graduate committee and successful
completion of the comprehensive examination required of Ph.D. candidates.
All applicants must demonstrate a fluent knowledge of English (Carleton),
or either English or French (Ottawa).
Program Requirements
The Ph.D. degree will be conferred upon a candidate who has fulfilled the
following requirements:
-
Completion of the courses at the graduate level specified by the admissions
and advisory committees; these will range from one to four full courses
(two to six courses if admitted without an M.Sc.), depending on the background
and research program of the student. Only graduate courses may form part
of the candidate’s course requirements. The passing grade for all required
courses is 70%, and the student is not allowed a supplemental examination.
Directed studies or reading courses may not make up more than half of the
required number of courses. The admissions committee or the student’s advisory
committee may also direct the student to take or to audit additional courses.
Knowledge of a second language may be specified as a requirement.
-
Completion of an oral comprehensive examination within approximately twelve
months of entry into the program; this examination will cover the candidate’s
area of research, and general biology. The format of the examination will
be established by the departmental graduate committee and approved by the
admissions committee. The examination committee will generally be composed
of faculty members of both universities.
-
Presentation of at least one public seminar on the candidate’s thesis research
-
A thesis incorporating the results of original research carried out under
the direct supervision of an approved faculty member
-
Completion of at least four terms as a full-time student resident at one
of the two universities (or six terms if admitted without an M.Sc.) is
normally required. Under exceptional conditions programs may be arranged
for part-time students.
-
Successful oral defence of the thesis before an examination board of at
least five faculty members, with representation from both universities,
and including an external examiner from outside the two universities who
is an authority on the thesis research area
Guidelines for Completion of the Doctoral Degree
The maximum time limits for the completion of the program requirements
of the doctoral program are listed in the General Regulations, Section
13. Full-time candidates in the doctoral program are expected to complete
their oral comprehensive examination within approximately twelve months
of entry into the program. Part-time candidates in the doctoral program
are expected to complete their oral comprehensive examination within approximately
eighteen months of entry into the program. Full-time candidates are expected
to complete their degree requirements within four calendar years or twelve
terms of registered full-time study. Doctoral candidates who have transferred
from the master’s to the doctoral program without completing the master’s
program are expected to complete their degree requirements within four
calendar years or twelve terms of registered full-time study from initial
registration in the master’s program. Part-time candidates in the doctoral
program, and candidates who elect to complete their program by a combination
of full- and part-time study, are expected to complete their degree requirements
within six calendar years or eighteen terms after the date of initial registration.
Graduate Courses*
The following courses are offered in the graduate program, but not all
are available in any academic year. A list of the courses scheduled for
the year is available from the Institute in May.
Biology 61.501F1 (BIO5101)
Topics in Biotechnology
A course concerned with the utilization of biological substances and activities
of cells, genes, and enzymes in manufacturing, agricultural, and service
industries. A different topic will be selected each year.
Prerequisite: A course in cell physiology or biochemistry, or permission
of instructor.
Hiroshi Yamazaki.
Biology 61.503F1 (BIO5103)
Comparative Biochemistry
Advanced topics emphasizing biochemical structures, functions, and methodologies
in the context of animal (invertebrates and vertebrates) adaptations to
environmental stress. The course will be offered in alternate years.
Prerequisite: An undergraduate biochemistry course.
T.W. Moon and K.B. Storey.
Biology 61.509F1, W1 (BIO8124)
Ontario Vegetation: Patterns, Processes and Protection
Patterns of vegetation and plant species distributions in Ontario will
be investigated with respect to their origin and maintaining processes.
Current methods of protection of significant and representative vegetation
using zonal concepts will be considered.
P.M. Catling.
Biology 61.510W1 (BIO5301)
Plant Development
An advanced course dealing with selected topics in the experimental study
of plant development.
M.E. McCully.
Biology 61.515 F1 (BIO5302)
Methods in Molecular Genetics
The purpose of this course is to review the fundamental theory and techniques
in genetic manipulation of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and to examine some
of the innovative new strategies being applied to a variety of problems
in molecular biology.
Students who have completed 61.416 or 61.517 are precluded from taking
61.515 for credit.
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and permission of the Department.
Biology 61.516W1 (BIO5308)
Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Genetics
This laboratory course, which is complementary to Biology 61.517, is designed
to give students practical experience in many of the important techniques
in molecular genetics.
Students who have completed 61.419 or 61.517 are precluded from taking
61.516 for credit.
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and permission of the Department.
Biology 61.521F1 (BIO8301)
Evolutionary Genetics
A lecture/seminar course on the genetic mechanisms and forces responsible
for variation and evolutionary change in natural populations. The course
considers both ecological and molecular questions from an evolutionary
perspective. Topics include protein and genome evolution, molecular phylogenies,
DNA sequences in population biology, and the evolution of multigene families.
Prerequisites: Graduate standing plus basic courses in genetics and evolution,
and permission of the Department.
(Offered in alternate years; one three-hour lecture per week).
Before 1997-98 course 61.521 (BIO8301) was offered as 61.519 (BIO8219).
D.A. Hickey, G.R. Carmody, Guy Drouin, and Linda Bonen.
Biology 61.522W1 (BIO8302)
Topics in Evolutionary Genetics
A lecture/seminar course on further issues of the genetic mechanisms and
forces responsible for genetic variation and evolutionary change. Topics
include the evolutionary significance of regulatory, structural and developmental
gene variation, concepts of individual, deme and group selection, relationships
of micro-evolution to macro-evolutionary trends, the evolution of sex,
selfish DNA.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.521F1 (BIO8301).
(Offered in alternate years; one three-hour lecture per week).
Before 1997-98 course 61.522 (BIO8302) was offered as 61.519 (BIO8219).
D.A. Hickey, G.R. Carmody, Guy Drouin, and Linda Bonen.
Biology 61.523F1 (BIO8303)
Techniques of Light Microscopy
An advanced laboratory and lecture course on the principles and techniques
of light microscopy.
Prerequisite: Open to fourth year and graduate students with consent of
the instructor.
Before 1997-98 course 61.523 (BIO8303) was offered as 61.520 (BIO8238).
D.L. Brown.
Biology 61.524W1 (BIO8304)
Techniques of Electron Microscopy
An advanced laboratory and lecture course on the principles and techniques
of electron microscopy.
Prerequisite: Open to fourth year and graduate students with consent of
the instructor.
Before 1997-98 course 61.624 (BIO8304) was offered as 61.520 (BIO8238).
D.L. Brown.
Biology 61.525T2 (BIO5204)
Plant Physiology and Metabolism
An advanced course dealing with selected topics in plant physiology and
plant metabolism.
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or permission of the Department.
Biology 61.534T2 (PSY6201)
Basics of Neuroscience
A comprehensive neuroscience course from the membrane and the cellular
levels through to the behavioural aspects of invertebrates and vertebrates.
Lectures and tutorials cover such aspects of neuroscience as neuroanatomy,
neurophysiology, behavioural neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
(Also offered as Psychology 49.520)
Biology 61.536F1, W1 (BIO9201)
Photobiology
A course dealing with the interaction between light and living organisms,
including an introduction to photochemistry, and a detailed study of photosynthesis,
vision, photosensitivity, and photoperiodism.
Prerequisite: An advanced course in animal or plant physiology or biochemistry,
or permission of the Department.
John Sinclair, J.T. Arnason, and Bernard Philogène.
Biology 61.537F1 (BIO8122)
Advanced Insect Physiology
Physiological characteristics of insects.
J.G. Houseman.
Biology 61.542T2 (BIO8162)
Developmental Endocrinology/Topics in Comparative Endocrinology
A lecture and reading course concerned with classical as well as current
topics in the field of comparative endocrinology. Special emphasis is placed
on the vertebrates. Offered in alternate years.
Prerequisite: An undergraduate course in endocrinology.
J.C. Fenwick.
Biology 61.545T2 (BIO9202)
Project in Applied Ecology
A course in the form of a special research project in which the student
identifies an environmental problem and the corporate or governmental body
that has the power to rectify the problem. (Enrolment is limited).
P.A. Keddy.
Biology 61.546F1 (BIO9303)
Advanced Plant Ecology
Plant population biology, and its usefulness in explaining attributes of
plant communities is discussed. During the labs, projects will be carried
out to clarify topics such as vegetation classification and competition.
P.A. Keddy.
Biology 61.547W1 (BIO5305)
Quantitative Ecology
A course on analysis of the distribution and abundance of organisms, and
of related environmental phenomena.
Prerequisites: Graduate standing, courses in elementary ecology, elementary
statistics and biostatistics, and permission of the Department.
Lenore Fahrig.
Biology 61.549F1,W1 (BIO5306)
Mathematical Modelling for Biologists
This course is designed to develop mathematical tools for the modelling
of biological processes. The student is taught the necessary mathematics
and a computer language, and guidance is given in the choice of simulation
of a biological process.
L.P. Lefkovitch.
Biology 61.550T2 (BIO5207)
Selected Topics
Courses in selected aspects of specialized biological subjects not covered
by other graduate courses; course details will be available at registration.
Biology 61.551F1 (BIO8104)
Selected Topics in Biology I
Courses in selected aspects of specialized biological subjects not covered
by other graduate courses; course details will be available at registration.
Biology 61.552W1, S1 (BIO8102)
Selected Topics in Biology II
Courses in selected aspects of specialized biological subjects not covered
by other graduate courses; course details will be available at registration.
Biology 61.553T1 (BIO5901)
Recent Advances in Biology
A course intended for all first-year graduate students to bring them up
to date in the various major areas of biology. The course consists of selected
readings, lectures, and invited speakers. The course is graded Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory.
Biology 61.556F1,W1(BIO5213)
Advanced Insect/Animal Systematics
A lecture and seminar course concerning methods, roles and advances in
systematics of insects and other animals. One research project required.
Prerequisite: A 400-level course in identification or classification of
insects or other animals.
H.F. Howden.
Biology 61.558F1 (BIO8306)
Advanced Topics in Ecology I
Lectures, seminars and discussions on current literature on experimental
approaches, concepts, and findings in population and community ecology,
ecosystem and landscape ecology, and biostatistics. The content complements
61.559(BIO8307).
Before 1997-98 course 61.558(BIO8306) was offered as 61.548(BIO9200).
Biology 61.559W1 (BIO8307)
Advanced Topics in Ecology II
Lectures, seminars and discussions on current literature on experimental
approaches, concepts and findings in population and community ecology,
ecosystem and landscape ecology and biostatistics. The content complements
61.558(BIO8306).
Before 1997-98 course 61.559(BIO8307) was offered as 61.548(BIO9200)
Biology 61.560T2 (BIO5160)
Advanced Topics in Insect Evolution
An exploration of major concepts and questions in insect evolution in the
areas of systematics, morphology, the fossil record, biology, and behaviour.
S.B. Peck.
Biology 61.565F1, W1, S1 (BIO5102)
Field Course
Credit for this 0.5 credit course is based on a total of three weeks of
field-course modules, involving one or two weeks of intensive and continuous
field work with attendant assignments. For details, see coordinator.
Coordinator: P.J. Weatherhead.
Biology 61.581F1 (BIO5105)
Animal Behaviour
A 0.5 credit course in animal behaviour from an ecological and evolutionary
point of view, with additional independent assignments.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.335 and 61.361 or equivalents and registration
in a graduate program, or written permission of the Department.
P.J. Weatherhead.
Biology 61.582F1 or W1 (BIO8365)
Advanced Behavioural Ecology I
Recent ideas and research on advanced topics dealing with the evolution
of foraging, temporal, spatial, and reproductive strategies are discussed
and critically examined.
Offered in alternate years.
Jaroslav Picman.
Biology 61.599F, W, S
M.Sc. Thesis
Biology 61.601F1 (BIO8109)
Advanced Molecular Biology I
Recent advances in molecular biology. Topics for discussion may include
the following: DNA structure and function, the organization of the genome;
DNA, RNA and protein synthesis; the regulation of gene expression in eucaryotes
and procaryotes. Topics reflect the interests of the teaching staff. Biology
61.602(BIO8116) and this course are normally not offered together in the
same year but only in alternate years. Not all topics will be covered each
year.
Biology 61.602W1 (BIO8116)
Advanced Molecular Biology II
Recent advances in molecular biology. Topics for discussion may include
the following: metagenesis and DNA repair mechanism; molecular aspects
of gene transfer recombination and gene arrangement; gene transfer mechanisms,
the molecular biology of yeasts and fungi, especially with regard to industrial
applications; the modern techniques of genetic engineering as applied to
industrial and medical problems. Topics reflect the interests of the teaching
staff. Biology 61.601(BIO8109) and this course are normally not offered
together in the same year but only in alternate years. Not all topics will
be covered each year.
Biology 61.621F1 (BIO8117)
Advanced Cell Biology I
Recent advances in cell biology. Topics for discussion may include the
following: the composition, biosynthesis and three-dimensional organization
of the cytoskeleton, factors regulating its deployment
and the role of cytoskeletal elements in mitosis, cell-substrate attachment,
cell motility, transport of organelles and axoplasmic transport, cell surface
and extracelluar matrix. Topics reflect the interests of the teaching staff.
Biology 61.622(BIO8118) and this course normally will not be offered together
in the same year but only in alternate years. Not all topics will be covered
each year.
Biology 61.622W1 (BIO8118)
Advanced Cell Biology II
Topics for discussion may include the following: the structure, composition
and three-dimensional organization of the nucleus, mechanisms and regulation
of genome replication, structure organization of transcription. Role of
the nucleus in virus replication and hormone response, structural and functional
reorganization of nuclear components during gamete development, fertilization
and the mitotic cell cycle. Topics reflect the interests of the teaching
staff. Biology 61.621(BIO8117) and this course are normally not offered
together in the same year but only in alternate years. Not all topics will
be covered each year.
Biology 61.623F1(ANA7400)
Neuroscience Techniques I
Completion of a research project carried out under the supervision of a
neuroscience faculty member. Students may carry out their project in any
department participating in the neuroscience specialization provided they
have approval from the administrative head of their particular program.For
example, students in the neuroscience specialization must obtain approval
from the neuroscience committee. Students in the biopsychology concentration
must obtain approval from the Department of Psychology. Credit is granted
for learning new research techniques.
(Also offered as Psychology 49.624)
Biology 61.624W1(ANA7400)
Neuroscience Techniques II
Completion of a research project carried out under the supervision of a
neuroscience faculty member. Students may carry out their project in any
department participating in the neuroscience specialization provided they
have approval from the administrative head of their particular program.
For example, students in the neuroscience specialization must obtain approval
from the neuroscience committee. Students in the biopsychology concentration
must obtain approval from the Department of Psychology. Credit is granted
for learning new research techniques.
(Also offered as Psychology 49.625)
Biology 61.625F1 or W1 (BIO8319)
Advanced Plant Physiology
A lecture and seminar course dealing with selected topics in advanced plant
physiology, available only to graduate students.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.429 or equivalent, or permission of the Department.
Biology 61.627F1 (BIO8164)
Ion Channels
A lecture and seminar course on the physiological and biophysical characteristics
of ion channels. Topics are selected from such areas as: determinants of
channel selectivity, conformation changes, chemically-induced and voltage-induced
gating, models of excitability, methods of studying channels (single channel
studies, gating currents, pharmacological tools), and cellular distribution,
modulation and development of channels. Offered in alternate years.
Biology 61.630F1 or W1 (BIO8320)
Advanced Plant Biochemistry
A lecture and seminar course, available only to graduate students, dealing
with selected topics in advanced plant biochemistry.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.425 and Biology 61.426/427, or permission of
the Department.
Biology 61.633T2
Advanced Seminar in Neuroscience
A comprehensive proseminar covering specialized topics in neuroscience
and biopsychology. The presentations focus on the active research areas
and interests of faculty members and will provide an in-depth coverage
of research strategies, methods and results. Graduate student presentations
of current research projects are an integral part of the course.
Prerequisite: Psychology 49.520.
(Also offered as Psychology 49.620)
Biology 61.634F1 (BIO8361)
Advanced Topics in Animal Physiology
In-depth study of areas in animal physiology of current research interest.
J.C. Fenwick, S.F. Perry and T.W. Moon.
Biology 61.641F1 (BIO8935)
Recent Advances in Plant Biology
Special topics of current interest.
Biology 61.642F1 (BIO9101)
Principles of Toxicology
The basic theorems of toxicology with examples of current research problems.
The concepts of exposure, hazard and risk assessment will be defined and
illustrated with experimental material from some of the more dynamic areas
of modern research.
(Also offered as Chemistry 65.578 and Psychology 49.525)
Biology 61.643F1 (BIO9104)
Ecotoxicology
Selected topics and advances in ecotoxicology with emphasis on the biological
effects of contaminants. The potential for biotic perturbance resulting
from chronic and acute exposure of ecosystems to selected toxicants will
be covered, along with methods of pesticide, herbicide and pollutant residue
analysis and the concept of bound residues.
Prerequisite: Biology 61.642 (BIO9101).
Biology 61.644F1 (BIO8436)
Plant: Animal Interactions
Secondary metabolites of plants and their role as attractants or antifeedants
to animals and as allelopathic or antifungal agents. Emphasis is placed
on co-evolution of plants and phytophagous organisms such as insects and
mammals, and the ecological and physiological dimensions of this relationship.
Offered in alternate years.
J.T. Arnason, B.J.R. Philogène, Constance Nozzolillo, J.G. Houseman.
Biology 61.645W1 (BIO9105)
Seminar in Toxicology
A course in seminar format, highlighting current topics in toxicology.
The course will feature student, faculty and invited seminar speakers.
(Also offered as Chemistry 65.585 and Psychology 49.526)
Biology 61.655W1 (BIO8108)
Advanced Topics in Development
Recent advances in developmental biology. Topics may include embryonic
induction, regulation of morphogenesis and differentiation, mechanisms
of regional specification and pattern formation, and developmental genetics.
Offered in alternate years.
J.B. Armstrong and W.R. Bates.
Biology 61.680F1 or W1 (BIO8103)
Advanced Behavioural Ecology II
A seminar and laboratory course dealing with current topics in the study
of animal behaviour.
Prerequisites: Biology 61.581 or equivalent, or permission of the Department.
P.J. Weatherhead.
Biology 61.699F, W, S
Ph.D. Thesis