Graduate Calendar Archives: 2001 / 2002

Master of Science

An Honours B.Sc. in Physics or a closely related field at a standard acceptable to the two universities is normally required for admission to the M.Sc. program. The admissions committee may require students to take an orientation examination during the first weeks of residence. The results of this examination may indicate the need for a student to register in undergraduate courses to fill gaps in his/her knowledge. It is strongly recommended that all students have had at least one course in computing.

Program Requirements

The options for the M.Sc. program are described below. Normally the requirements for the research M.Sc. with thesis will consist of:

* 2.5 credits of course work

* A thesis (2.5 credits) defended at an oral examination

* Participation in the seminar series of the Institute

Students with academic preparation particularly well suited for their chosen field of study may have their course credit requirements reduced to 2.0 credits. In this case, a 3.0 credit thesis will be required.

The minimum number of courses is 1.5 credits. At least 1.0 credit must consist of lecture courses at the graduate level. The courses 75.590 and 75.591 are courses on Selected Topics, normally given as directed studies, and cannot fulfill this lecture course requirement. Most students will be expected to take 75.502W1. Students in the theoretical or high energy physics streams will normally include 75.561F1, 75.562W1, 75.571F1 and 75.572W1 among their courses.

For the medical physics stream the three areas of specialization are: imaging, therapy, and biophysics. All students are required to take 75.523F1 and 0.5 credit appropriate physics course from an area of physics other than medical physics. In addition:

* For imaging, 75.524W1 is required

* For therapy, 75.526W1 is required

* For biophysics, 0.5 credit chosen from 75.527F1, cell biology, physiology or anatomy is required

Students with a medical/health physics background may have the selection of required courses adjusted to reflect their preparation and may receive advanced standing for equivalent courses.

A selection from 75.528W1, 75.529F1, or, (with approval) other appropriate courses in physics, engineering, computer science, business or law can be used to complete the program.

In special cases, the requirements may also be met by taking 5.0 credits of course work and no thesis. 1.0 credit must be the selected topics course 75.590T2. A comprehensive examination and participation in the seminar series will also be required.

Students in the physics in modern technology stream must successfully complete the following requirements :

* 3.0 credits of course work

* Physics 75.595F2,W2,S2

* Students will normally include two of 75.502W1, 74.503, 74.504, 74.505 among their courses.

Students enrolled in the physics in modern technology stream are required to complete a work term rather than a research thesis. Students in this stream who wish to pursue a research degree should consult with the graduate supervisor. Although every effort is made to find a work term position for every student enrolled in the physics in modern technology stream, no guarantee of employment can be made. To minimize the likelihood of a work term position not being found, enrolment will be limited to reflect the availability of work term placements. In the event that a work term placement cannot be found, students may fulfill the M.Sc. requirements with courses only as described above.

Candidates admitted to the M.Sc. program with more than the minimum course requirements may be permitted to credit towards the degree a maximum of 1.0 credit at the senior undergraduate level. This maximum does not apply to qualifying-year students.

Guidelines for Completion of Master's Degree

With the exception of those students in the physics in modern technology stream, full-time master's candidates are expected to complete all requirements in six terms of registered full-time study. Part-time master's candidates are expected to complete their degree requirements within an elapsed period of three to four calendar years after the date of initial registration.

Students in the physics in modern technology stream are normally expected to complete all their requirements in three successive terms of registered full-time study.

Doctor of Philosophy

Admission Requirements

An M.Sc. in Physics, or a closely related field, is normally required for admission into the Ph.D. program. Students who have been admitted to the M.Sc. program may be permitted to transfer into the Ph.D. program if they demonstrate academic abilities for advanced research in their field.

In exceptional cases, an outstanding student who has completed the honours B.Sc. will also be considered.

Program Requirements (from M.Sc.)

The normal requirements for the Ph.D. degree (after M.Sc.) are:

* A minimum of 2.0 credits at the graduate level

* Students who lack any of the relevant courses recommended for the M.Sc. program will be expected to have completed them (or the equivalents) by the end of their Ph.D. program. In addition, students in high energy physics or theoretical physics should complete 75.661 and 75.662, and students in medical physics should complete 75.529.

* A comprehensive examination designed to demonstrate overall ability in physics and in the candidate's research area, normally within the first year of study. This takes the form of a written examination followed, if necessary, by an oral examination.

* A thesis which will be defended at an oral examination. The examining board for all theses will include members of the Institute from both Departments of Physics. The external examiner of the thesis will be external to both Departments of Physics.

* Participation in the seminar series of the Institute

Guidelines for Completion of Doctoral Degree

Full-time Ph.D. candidates admitted on the basis of an M.Sc. are expected to complete all requirements within an elapsed period of four to five years after the date of initial registration. Part-time Ph.D. candidates are expected to complete all requirements within an elapsed period of six years after the date of initial registration.

Residence Requirements

For the M.Sc. degree:

* At least one year of full-time study (or the equivalent)

For the Ph.D. degree (from B.Sc.):

* At least three years of full-time study (or the equivalent)

For the Ph.D. degree (from M.Sc.):

* At least two years of full-time study (or the equivalent)

Graduate Courses

Not all of the following courses are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for 2001-2002, please consult the Registration Instructions and Class Schedule booklet published in the summer.

F,W,S indicates term of offering. Courses offered in the fall and winter are followed by T. The number following the letter indicates the credit weight of the course: 1 denotes 0.5 credit, 2 denotes 1.0 credit, etc.

In the listing below, courses are grouped to reflect the varying research interests of the two universities. If there is small enrollment, a course may be offered as a reading course.

The following course is offered either at Carleton or the University of Ottawa:

Physics 75.571F1 (PHY5170)

Intermediate Quantum Mechanics with Applications

Angular momentum and rotation operations; Wigner and Racah coefficients; several and many electron problem in atoms; variational and Hartree-Fock formalism; introduction to second quantized field theory; scattering theory.

Prerequisites: Physics 75.477 and 75.478 and permission of the Department.

The following courses are offered only at Carleton:

Physics 75.502W1 (PHY5344)

Computational Physics

Computational methods used in analysis of experimental data. Introduction to probability and random variables. Monte Carlo methods for simulation of random processes. Statistical methods for parameter estimation and hypothesis tests. Confidence intervals. Multivariate data classification. Unfolding methods. Examples taken primarily from particle and medical physics. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Physics 75.487, for which additional credit is precluded.
Prerequisite: An ability to program in FORTRAN, Java, C, or C++ and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.511F1 (PHY8111)

Classical Mechanics and Theory of Fields

Hamilton's principle; conservation laws; canonical transformations; Hamilton-Jacobi theory; Lagrangian formulation of classical field theory.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.522W1 (PHY8122)

Special Topics in Molecular Spectroscopy

Topics of current interest in molecular spectroscopy. In past years, the following areas have been covered: electronic spectra of diatomic and triatomic molecules and their interpretation using molecular orbital diagrams; Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy; symmetry aspects of vibrational and electronic levels of ions and molecules in solids; the presence of weak and strong resonant laser radiation. (Also listed as Chemistry 65.509/CHM8150).

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.523F1 (PHY5161)

Medical Radiation Physics

Basic interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Sources: X-ray, accelerators, nuclear. Charged particle interaction mechanisms, stopping powers, kerma, dose. Introduction to dosimetry. Units, measurements, dosimetry devices.

Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

Physics 75.524W1 (PHY5112)

Physics of Medical Imaging

Outline of the principles of transmission X-ray imaging, computerized tomography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultra-sound. Physical descriptors of image quality, including contrast, resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and modulation transfer function are covered and an introduction is given to image processing.

Prerequisites: Physics 75.523 and 75.423, or permission of the Department.

Physics 75.526W1 (PHY5164)

Medical Radiotherapy Physics

Terminology and related physics concepts. Bragg-Gray, Spencer-Attix cavity theories, Fano's theorem. Dosimetry protocols, dose distribution calculations. Radiotherapy devices, hyperthermia.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.523 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.527F1 (PHY5165)

Radiobiology

Introduction to basic physics and chemistry of radiation interactions, free radicals, oxidation and reduction, G values. Subcellular and cellular effects: killing, repair, sensitization, protection. Measurement methods. Survival curve models. Tissue effects, genetic and carcinogenic effects, mutations, hazards. Cancer therapy. Radiation protection considerations.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.523 must have been taken, or be taken concurrently and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.528W1 (PHY5163)

Radiation Protection

Biophysics of radiation hazards, dosimetry and instrumentation. Monitoring of sources, planning of facilities, waste management, radiation safety, public protection. Regulatory agencies.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.523 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.529F1 (PHY5166)

Medical Physics Practicum

Hands-on experience with current clinical medical imaging and cancer therapy equipment, and dosimetry and biophysics instrumentation. The course requires completion of experimental projects on medical imaging, radiotherapy, dosimetry, and biophysics, conducted at local clinics and NRC laboratories.

Prerequisites: Physics 75.523. Also, as appropriate to the majority of projects undertaken, one of Physics 75.524, 75.526, 75.527, or other biophysics courses, or permission of the Department.

Physics 75.532W1 (PHY8132)

Classical Electrodynamics

Covariant formulation of electrodynamics; Lenard-Wiechert potentials; radiation reaction; plasma physics; dispersion relations.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.437 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.561F1 (PHY5966)

Experimental Techniques of Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics

The interaction of radiation and high energy particles with matter; experimental methods of detection and acceleration of particles; use of relativistic kinematics; counting statistics.

Prerequisites: Physics 75.437 and 75.477 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.562W1 (PHY5967)

Physics of Elementary Particles

Properties of leptons, quarks, and hadrons. The fundamental interactions. Conservation laws; invariance principles and quantum numbers. Resonances observed in hadron-hadron interactions. Three body phase space. Dalitz plot. Quark model of hadrons, mass formulae. Weak interactions; parity violation, decay of neutral kaons; CP violation; Cabibbo theory. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Physics 75.462, for which additional credit is precluded.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.477 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.564W1 (PHY8164)

Intermediate Nuclear Physics

Properties of the deuteron and the neutron-proton force. Nucleon-nucleon forces, isospin and charge independence. Nuclear models. Scattering theory. Interpretation of n-p and p-p scattering experiments. Interaction of nucleons with electrons. Interaction of nuclei with radiation.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.468 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.572W1 (PHY8172)

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Relativistic wave equations. Expansion of S matrix in Feynman perturbation series. Feynman rules. An introduction to quantum electro-dynamics with some second quantization. Gauge theories. May include introduction to Standard Model.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.571 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.581F1 (PHY5140)

Methods of Theoretical Physics I

This course and Physics 75.582 are designed for students who wish to acquire a wide background of mathematical techniques. Topics can include complex variables, evaluation of integrals, approximation techniques, dispersion relations, Pade approximants, boundary value problems, Green's functions, integral equations.

Physics 75.582W1 (PHY5141)

Methods of Theoretical Physics II

This course complements 75.581.Topics include group theory, discussion of SU2, SU3, and other symmetry groups. Lorentz group.

Physics 75.590T2 (PHY8290)

Selected Topics in Physics (M.Sc.)

A student may, with the permission of the Department, take more than one selected topic, in which case each full course is counted for credit.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.591F1, W1, S1 (PHY8191)

Selected Topics in Physics (M.Sc.)

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.595F2, W2, S2 (PHY5495)

Physics in Modern Technology Work Term

Practical experience for students enrolled in the physics in modern technology stream. To receive course credit, students must receive satisfactory evaluations for their work term employment. Written and oral reports describing the work term project are required.

Prerequisites: Registration in the physics in modern technology stream of the M.Sc. program and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.599F, W, S (PHY7999)

M.Sc. Thesis

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.661 (PHY8161)

Particle Physics Phenomenology

This course covers much of the required knowledge for research in particle physics from both the experimental and theoretical points of view. Topics may include: standard model, parton model, quark model, hadron spectroscopy, and tests of QCD.

Prerequisite: Physics 75.562 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.662 (PHY8162)

Advanced Topics in Particle Physics Phenomenology

This course will consist of a variety of seminars and short lecture courses, and will cover topics of immediate interest to the research program of the department.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.671F1 (PHY8173)

Quantum Electrodynamics

Relativistic quantum field theory; second quantization of Bose and Fermi fields; reduction and LSZ formalism; perturbation expansion and proof of renormalizability of quantum electrodynamics; calculations of radiative corrections and applications.

Prerequisites: Physics 75.511, 75.532, 75.571 and 75.572 and permission of the Department.

Physics 75.690T1 (PHY8490)

Selected Topics in Physics (Ph.D.)

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.691F1, W1 (PHY8391)

Selected Topics in Physics (Ph.D.)

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 75.699F, W, S (PHY9999)

Ph.D. Thesis

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

The following courses are offered only at the University of Ottawa:

Physics 74.501 (PHY5130)

Experimental Characterization Techniques in Materials Science, Physics, Chemistry, and Mineralogy

Survey of experimental techniques used in materials science, condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, and mineralogy to characterize materials and solid substances. Diffraction. Spectroscopy. Microscopy and imaging. Other analytic techniques.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.503 (PHY5342)

Computer Simulations in Physics

This course covers advanced numerical methods used to study large scale problems in the natural sciences, with emphasis on Molecular Dynamics, Langevin Dynamics and Brownian Dynamics methods. Examine the use of different thermodynamic ensembles, to compute experimentally relevant physical properties, and to work with non-equilibrium situations.Methods required to handle very large problems on parallel computers.

Prerequisite: PHY3355 (PHY3755), PHY3370 (PHY3770) and familiarity with FORTAN, Pascal or C.

Physics 74.504 (PHY5340)

Computational Physics I

Deterministic numerical methods in physics. Interpolation methods. Numerical solutions of Newton's, Maxwell's and Schrodinger's equations. Molecular dynamics. Non-linear dynamics. Numerical solutions of partial differential equations in physics. Finite elements. This course cannot be combined for credit with PHY4340 (PHY4740).

Physics 74.505 (PHY 5341)

Computational Physics II

Interpolation, regression and modeling. Random number generation. Monte Carlo methods. Simulations in thermo-statistics. Fractals, percolation, cellular automation. Stochastic methods. This course cannot be combined for credit with PHY4341 (PHY4741).

Physics 74.506 (PHY 5362)

Computational Methods in Material Sciences

Introduction to modern computational techniques used in material science research. Classical molecular dynamics, classical and quantum Monte Carlo methods, plane-wave based electronic band structure calculations, Carr-Parrinello quantum molecular dynamics. Applications to condensed matter systems: basic simulation techniques, force-field based methods, first-principles quantum mechanical methods.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.512 (PHY5361)

Nonlinear Dynamics in the Natural Sciences

Differential and difference equations, Fourier series and data analysis, stability analysis, Poincaré maps, local bifurcations, routes to chaos and statistical properties of strange attractors. Applications of these concepts to specific problems in condensed matter physics, molecular physics, fluid mechanics, dissipative structures, and evolutionary systems.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.541F1 (PHY5100)

Solid State Physics I

Periodic structures, Lattice waves. Electron states. Static properties of solids. Electron-electron interaction. Dynamics of electrons. Transport properties. Optical properties.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.542 (PHY5110)

Solid State Physics II

Elements of group theory. Band structure, tight binding and other approximations, Hartree-Fock theory. Measuring the Fermi surface. Boltzmann equation and semiconductors. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism and magnetic ordering. Superconductivity.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.543 (PHY5151)

Type I and II Superconductors

Flux flow and flux cutting phenomena. Clem general critical state model. Flux quantization, Abrikosov vortex model and Ginzburg-Landau theory. Superconducting tunnelling junctions (Giaevar and Josephson types).

Prerequisite: PHY4370 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.544 (PHY6371)

Topics in M”ssbauer Spectroscopy

Recoilless emission/absorption, anisotropic Debye-Waller factors, second order Doppler shifts. . M”ssbauer lineshape theory with static and dynamic hyperfine interactions. Distributions of static hyperfine parameters. Physics of the hyperfine parameters: origin of the hyperfine field, calculations of electric field gradients.. Applications of M”ssbauer spectroscopy.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.547 (PHY5380)

Semiconductor Physics I

Brillouin zones and band theory. E-k diagram, effective mass tensors, etc. Electrical properties of semiconductors. Conduction, hall effect, magneto-resistance. Scattering processes. Multivalley models and non-parabolic bands.

Prerequisite: PHY4380 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.548 (PHY5381/PHY5781)

Semiconductor Physics II: Optical Properties

Optical constants and dispersion theory. Optical absorption, reflection and band structure. Absorption at band edge and excitons. Lattice, defect and free carrier absorption, Magneto-optics. Photo-electronic properties, luminescence, detector theory. Experimental methods.

Prerequisite: PHY4380 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.549 (PHY5951)

Low Temperature Physics II

Helium 3 and Helium 4 cryostats. Dilution refrigerators. Theory and techniques of adiabatic demagnetization. Thermometry at low temperatures. Problems of thermal equilibrium and of thermal isolation. Properties of matter at very low temperature.

Prerequisite: PHY4355 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.551 (PHY5125)

Charged Particle Dynamics

A course on the acceleration, transport and focusing of charged particles in vacuum using electric magnetic fields. Beam optics. Phase space of an assembly of particles. Applications to experimental systems.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.552 (PHY5740)

Physique Numérique I

Méthodes numériques déterministes en physique. Techniques d'interpolation. Solutions numérique des équations de Newton, de Maxwell et de Schr”dinger. Dynamique moléculaire. Dynamique non-linéaire. Solutions numériques des équations aux dérivées partielles en physique. Éléments finis.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.553 (PHY 5741)

Physique Numérique II

Interpolation, régression et modeler. Nombres aléatoires. Techniques de Monte-Carlo. Simulations thermo-statistiques. Percolation, fractales, et automisation cellulaire. Méthodes numériques stochastiques

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.554 (PHY5387)

Physics of Materials

Microscopic characteristics related to the physical properties of materials. Materials families: metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers and plastics, composites, layered materials, ionic solids, molecular solids, etc. Specific materials groups. Equilibrium phase diagrams and their relation to microstructure and kinetics. Experimental methods of characterization. Interactions and reactions.

Prerequisite: PHY4382 or equivalent. Cannot be combined with PHY4387.

Physics 74.555 (PHY5355)

Statistical Mechanics

Ensemble Theory. Interacting classical and quantum systems. Phase transitions and critical phenomena. Fluctuations and linear response theory. Kinetic equations.

Prerequisites: PHY4370 and PHY3355 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.556 (PHY5742)

Simulations Numériques en Physique

Un cours ayant but d'étudier des méthodes numériques avancées employées dans les problèmes à grande échelle dans les sciences naturelles. Emploi d'ensembles thermodynamiques différents, calculs de propriétés physiques expérimentalement pertinentes, et extension aux situations hors d'équilibre. Techniques pour ordinateurs parallèles.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.557 (PHY5922)

Advanced Magnetism

Study of some of the experimental and theoretical aspects of magnetic phenomena found in ferro-, ferri-, antiferro-magnetic and spin glass materials. Topics of current interest in magnetism.

Prerequisite: PHY4385 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.558 (PHY5320)

Introduction to the Physics of Macromolecules

The chemistry of macromolecules and polymers; random walks and the static properties of polymers; experimental methods; the Rouse model and single chain dynamics; polymer melts and viscoelasticity; the Flory-Huggins theory; the reptation theory; computer simulation algorithms; biopolymers and copolymers.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.559 (PHY5347)

Physics, Chemistry and Characterization of Mineral Systems

The materials science of mineral systems such as the network and layered silicates. In-depth study of the relations between mineralogically relevant variables such as: atomic structure, crystal chemistry, site populations, valence state populations, crystallization conditions. Interpretation and basic understanding of characterization tools.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.

Physics 74.563 (PHY5310)

Ion Collisions in Solids

Energy loss of energetic particles in passing through solids. Stopping cross sections. The influence of crystal lattice on nuclear stopping. Crystal lattice effects at high energies. Channelling and blocking. The collision cascade. Charge states of fast ions in solids from thin foil and X-ray measurements.

Physics 74.573 (PHY6170)

Advanced Quantum Mechanics II

Systems of identical particles and many-body theory. Lattice and impurity scattering. Quantum processes in a magnetic field. Radiative and non-radiative transitions. Introduction to relativistic quantum mechanics.

Prerequisite: PHY5170 and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.646 (PHY6382)

Physics of Semiconductor Superlattices

Fundamental physics of two-dimensional quantized semiconductor structures. Electronic and optical properties of superlattices and quantum wells. Optical and electronic applications. This course is intended for students registered for the Ph.D. in semiconductor physics research.

Prerequisite: Advanced undergraduate or graduate course in solid state physics and permission of the Department.

Physics 74.647 (PHY6782)

Physique des super-réseaux à semicon- ducteurs

Physique fondamentale des structures quantiques bi-dimensionnelles à semi-conducteurs. Propriétés électroniques et optiques des super-réseaux et puits quantiques. Applications à l'électronique et à l'optique. Ce cours est destiné aux étudiants et aux étudiantes inscrits au doctorat en physique des semiconducteurs.

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department.