Graduate Calendar Archives: 2001 / 2002

Public Policy and Administration

The School

The School of Public Policy and Administration at Carleton University is a leading national and international centre for teaching and research in public administration and public policy. Since being established in 1953, the School has helped to prepare individuals for professional careers and opportunities in the public sector, both in Canada and abroad.

The nature of the public sector has always been subject to change, but perhaps never more than in recent years. Today the public sector can be seen as embracing not only the traditional government departments and agencies, but also political organizations, interest groups, consulting and research firms, the voluntary sector, organizations that provide public services on contractual bases, as well as international agencies and institutions of higher learning. The graduate programs of the School treat the public sector in this contemporary context.

The School offers graduate programs of study and research in the fields of public administration and public policy leading to the Master of Arts in Public Administration, the Graduate Diploma in Public Administration, and the Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. These programs are designed both for individuals who wish to work in the public sector, and for those who are already doing so but who wish to broaden or strengthen their conceptual and technical skills. Prospective applicants are urged to consider carefully the alternative programs so as to select the one best suited to their interests, background, and academic qualifications.

The M.A. program provides a broad and balanced exposure to public policy development, public management and policy implementation. The D.P.A. program provides an introduction to the same subjects. Both the M.A. and the D.P.A. are offered in three alternative areas of concentration:

Canadian public administration and policy (the Canadian Concentration); development administration (the Development Concentration); and Innovation, Science and Environment Policy. The Development Concentration is offered in cooperation with the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs.

The Ph.D. program involves the intensive study of the formation and evolution of public policy in Canada and, from a comparative perspective, in countries of the OECD.

Each of these graduate programs is described in detail below. Further information or application packages can be obtained by contacting the School of Public Policy and Administration.

Master of Arts

The overall objective of the M.A. program is to provide individuals with a balanced conceptual and technical ability to understand and contribute to policy development, public management, and policy implementation.

Under this objective, the Canadian Concentration provides an advanced understanding of the public sector through interdisciplinary insights drawn from political science, economics and management, as applied within the framework of Canadian and comparative institutions, laws and ideas. It also enables individuals to specialize in particular policy fields and aspects of management, both through study and through cooperative education in the public sector.

The Development Concentration provides an advanced understanding of the problems and opportunities that confront various types of national administrative systems and public sectors in their efforts to promote sustainable social and economic development in an increasingly interdependent and competitive global system.

The Innovation, Science and Environment Policy Concentration provides an advanced understanding of the problems and opportunities that confront governments, firms and society in making and implementing innovation, science and environment policies in an increasingly knowledge and information-based economy and society.

These overall and particular objectives are consistent with the School's view of what is fundamental to education in the field of public administration. This view is:

* that democratic ideals and practices are central to government and to the public sector broadly defined

* that a balance of conceptual and technical skills is needed to understand the linked activities of policy development (how and why policy is made), public management (how the public sector is structured, staffed and resourced) and policy implementation (how policy intentions are carried out, including the grievances and appeals of citizens and clients)

* that these advanced conceptual and technical skills come from exposure to a variety of academic disciplines

* that professional education in public administration and policy analysis requires a balance of theory and practice

The relevance of this view has been borne out by the success of graduates of the School who now work in many areas of the public sector, in Canada and abroad, including government departments, political organizations, interest groups, consulting and research firms, the voluntary sector, international agencies, and institutions of higher learning.

A co-op option is available to full-time students in the M.A. program. Students admitted to this option must satisfactorily complete at least two work terms in order to graduate with a co-op designation on their transcripts and diplomas. These work terms are four months in duration and locate students in government departments or other organizations in order to work at a junior officer level. They provide students with opportunities to integrate the theoretical and practical aspects of public administration. During a work term, students will register in one of the co-op work term courses: Administration 50.531, 50.532, or 50.533. While on a work term, students are limited to an additional 0.5 credit course.

Program Schedules

The M.A. program may be taken under three schedules: full time, part-time or a mixture of the two.

* The full-time schedule enables students to complete the program in two years (four or five academic terms).

* The part-time schedule enables students, taking from two to four half credits over one year, to complete the program in five to eight years. Courses are regularly scheduled in evening sections.

* The mixed full-time, part-time schedule enables students to complete the program in a period intermediate to those above. The mixed schedule applies to full-time students who shift to part-time study during a cooperative placement, or part-time students who shift to full-time study in the event of study leave.

The duration of the program depends upon the advanced standing with transfer of credit that students receive upon admission. Advanced standing is discussed below under program requirements.

Admission Requirements

Applicants must have a demonstrated ability to study and communicate in English. A TOEFL score of 580 or higher is normally required for students whose first language is not English.

Applicants must have a bachelor's degree (or the equivalent) with high honours standing or better from a recognized university. The level of academic performance and potential demonstrated within the degree is more important than the discipline. Indeed, students enter the program from a wide variety of academic backgrounds in the social sciences, humanities, sciences and engineering. The School also considers mid-career applicants who do not have a bachelor's degree, but who have demonstrated professional excellence over several years of managerial work in the public sector.

Applicants must have completed a university course covering micro- and macroeconomic theory (Economics 43.100 or the equivalent), with the required standing. In addition, applicants must have a working knowledge of algebra.

Applicants to the Canadian Concentration and the Innovation, Science and Environment Concentration must have completed one university course in Canadian government (Political Science 47.202 and 47.203 or the equivalent), with the required standing.

Note that, because of the number of applications received, possession of these admission requirements does not, in itself, guarantee admission to the program.

Application packages may be obtained by contacting the School of Public Policy and Administration. Applicants for full-time study who wish to be considered for financial assistance and scholarships must ensure that all application materials are received by March 1.

Program Requirements

The M.A. program comprises 10.0 credits. Upon admission, students may receive advanced standing with transfer of credit for up to 4.0 required credits. Under the Canadian Concentration no more than three of these courses may be from 50.504, 50.510, 50.511">50.511, 50.524">50.524, and 50.563. Under the Development Concentration, no more than two of these courses may be from 50.511">50.511, 50.517, 50.524">50.524, 50.552, and 50.588. Under the Innovation, Science and Envi ronment Concentration no more than two of these courses may be from 50.501, 50.502, 50.508 and 50.587. Advanced standing is granted only if previous academic work is judged to be equivalent to the required courses. Advanced standing will be determined on an individual basis on consultation with the School and the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research and pursuant to Section 6.1 of the General Regulations section of this Calendar. In general, a grade of B+ or better is necessary in the equivalent courses in order to receive advanced standing.

The composition of the required and optional courses that make up the M.A. program differs between the Canadian, the Development, and the Innovation, Science and Environment Policy Concentrations.

Canadian Concentration

10.0 credits consisting of:

A. 6.0 required credits:

(i) Administration 50.500

Administration 50.522

Administration 50.523

Administration 50.530

Administration 50.536

Administration 50.551

Administration 50.552

Administration 50.567

Administration 50.568

(ii) 1.5 credits chosen from:

Administration 50.504

Administration 50.510

Administration 50.511

Administration 50.524

Administration 50.563

B. 4.0 optional credits consisting of:

(i) 0.5 credit selected from each of streams 1, 2 and 3 listed below, and 2.5 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines if approved by the graduate supervisor; or

(ii) A thesis (equivalent to 2.0 credits) and 2.0 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines, if approved by the graduate supervisor; or

(iii) A research essay (equivalent to 1.0 credit) and 3.0 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines, if approved by the graduate supervisor

Note that students may take as options any of the required courses over and above the minimum number specified.

Development Concentration

10.0 credits consisting of:

A. 5.5 required credits:

(i) Administration 50.501

Administration 50.523

Administration 50.530

Administration 50.551

Administration 50.563

Administration 50.568

International Affairs 46.507

International Affairs 46.508

International Affairs 46.537

(ii) 1.0 credit chosen from:

Administration 50.511

Administration 50.517

Administration 50.524

Administration 50.552

Administration 50.588

B. 4.5 optional credits consisting of:

(i) 4.5 credits from streams 1, 2 and 3 listed below, or from graduate courses in other disciplines if approved by the graduate supervisor; or

(ii) A thesis (equivalent to 2.0 credits) and 2.5 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines, if approved by the graduate supervisor; or

(iii) A research essay (equivalent to 1.0 credit) and 3.5 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines, if approved by the graduate supervisor

Note that students may take as options any required courses over and above the minimum number specified.

Innovation, Science and Environment Policy Concentration

A. 10.0 credits consisting of:

(i) 7.0 required credits:

Administration 50.523

Administration 50.530

Administration 50.540

Administration 50.541

Administration 50.543

Administration 50.544

Administration 50.551

Administration 50.552

Administration 50.560

Administration 50.567

Administration 50.568

One of Business 42.570 or Business 42.571

(ii) 1.0 credit chosen from:

Administration 50.501

Administration 50.502

Administration 50.508

Administration 50.587

B. 3.0 optional credits consisting of:

(i) 0.5 credit selected from each of Stream 1, 2 and 3 listed below, and 1.5 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines if approved by the graduate supervisor, or

(ii) A thesis (equivalent to 2.0 credits) and 1.0 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines if approved by the graduate supervisor, or

(iii) A research essay (equivalent to 1.0 credit) and 2.0 credits selected from any of the streams, or from graduate courses in other disciplines if approved by the graduate supervisor.

Note that students may complete as options any of the required courses over and above the minimum number specified.

Stream 1 - Policy Fields

50.508, 50.509, 50.540, 50.559, 50.560, 50.564, 50.570, 50.571, 50.572, 50.573, 50.574, 50.586, 50.587, 50.588, 50.589

Stream 2 - Public Management and Institutional Relations

50.503, 50.506, 50.515, 50.516, 50.517, 50.519, 50.538, 50.541, 50.581, 50.584

Stream 3 - Advanced Analysis

50.502, 50.507, 50.513, 50.520, 50.525, 50.528, 50.537, 50.543, 50.544, 50.562, 50.569, 50.575

Academic Standing

All candidates are required to obtain a grade of B- or better in each course in the program. A candidate may, with the recommendation of the School and the approval of the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, be allowed one grade of C+.

Graduate Diploma in Public Administration

The D.P.A. program provides an introduction to the subjects of policy development, public management, and policy implementation. Students enter the program with widely varying backgrounds, including those who already have advanced degrees but who wish to strengthen or broaden their conceptual and technical skills in public administration.

Program Schedules

The D.P.A. program can be taken under three schedules; full time, part time or a mixture of the two. The duration of the program is approximately half that described for the M.A. program.

Admission Requirements

The requirements for admission to the Canadian, the Development and the Innovation, Science and Environment, Policy Concentrations of the D.P.A. are identical to those described for the M.A. Note, however, that students in the D.P.A. are not eligible to receive financial assistance.

Program Requirements

The D.P.A. program comprises 5.0 credits. Upon admission, students may receive advanced standing with transfer of credit for up to 1.0 credit. Advanced standing is granted only if previous academic work is judged to be equivalent to those courses. Advanced standing will be determined on an individual basis on consultation with the School and the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research and pursuant to Section 6.1 of the General Regulations section of this Calendar. In general, a grade of B+ or better is necessary in the equivalent courses in order to receive advanced standing.

The composition of courses that make up the D.P.A. program differs between the Canadian, the Development, and the Innovation Science and Environment Policy Concentrations.

Canadian Concentration

5.0 credits selected from:

* Administration 50.500

* Administration 50.504

* Administration 50.510

* Administration 50.511

* Administration 50.522

* Administration 50.523

* Administration 50.524

* Administration 50.530

* Administration 50.536

* Administration 50.551

* Administration 50.552

* Administration 50.563

* Administration 50.567

* Administration 50.568

No more than three of the courses may be selected from Administration 50.504, 50.510, 50.511, 50.524 and 50.563.

Development Concentration

5.0 credits selected from:

* Administration 50.501

* Administration 50.511

* Administration 50.517

* Administration 50.523

* Administration 50.524

* Administration 50.530

* Administration 50.551

* Administration 50.552

* Administration 50.563

* Administration 50.568

* Administration 50.588

* International Affairs 46.507

* International Affairs 46.508

* International Affairs 46.537

No more than three of the courses may be selected from Administration 50.511, 50.517, 50.524, 50.552, and 50.588.

Innovation, Science and Environment

5.0 credits selected from:

* Administration 50.501

* Administration 50.502

* Administration 50.508

* Administration 50.523

* Administration 50.530

* Administration 50.540

* Administration 50.541

* Administration 50.543

* Administration 50.544

* Administration 50.551

* Administration 50.552

* Administration 50.560

* Administration 50.567

* Administration 50.568

* Administration 50.587

* One of Business 42.570 or 42.571

No more than two of the courses may be selected from Administration 50.502, 50.508, 50.565, 50.501, and 50.587

Academic Standing

All candidates are required to obtain a grade of B- or better in each course in the program. A candidate may, with the recommendation of the School and the approval of the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, be allowed one grade of C+.

Doctor of Philosophy

The doctoral program in public policy has two primary objectives:

* to contribute to the advancement of research and teaching based on one or more of the various approaches to the political economy of public policy (in OECD countries)

* to develop scholars and researchers for positions in universities, private research institutions, and various other public and private organizations

While the School's M.A. degree outlined above offers exposure to both policy and management, the Ph.D. focuses directly on the study of public policy from both Canadian and comparative perspectives. The formation and evolution of policy in Canada is a primary focus of the program. In addition, Canadian, European, and other international students interested in research with a European-Canadian and North American comparative perspective will also find the program conducive to their work in the fields of specialization offered. Areas of research specialization within the School include: policy institutions and instruments, industrial policy, and social and labour market policy.

A distinguishing feature of the School of Public Policy and Administration is the presence of faculty who strive to integrate political science and economics in their research and teaching. The Ph.D. program is to a considerable extent based on the view that political economy is essential to an understanding of the public sector. It is also based on the view that analyses of what governments do must address the interplay among the various policy fields, instruments, and institutions.

Degree Schedule

The program consists of three academic terms of course work plus preparation and completion of one comprehensive examination, as well as a doctoral thesis. The Ph.D. program in Public Policy normally will be undertaken on a full-time basis; however, in cases of exceptional merit, the School may accept a few candidates for the degree on a part-time basis.

Admission Requirements

Admission will be judged primarily on the applicant's ability to conduct advanced research and to complete the program successfully. Applications should contain at least one essay or paper at the M.A. level written by the applicant. Enrollment is limited and possession of the minimum requirements does not, in itself, guarantee acceptance. To be eligible for financial assistance, application for admission for the fall term must be completed no later than March 1.

Admission requires completion of an M.A. degree in any of public administration, political science, economics, political economy, business administration, law, or similar degree with first class standing (A- average or better in their M.A. work).

Students are advised that a working knowledge of basic calculus is required for completion of the program. Assistance in acquir ing these skills is provided by the program. Students requiring additional assistance should consult the Ph.D. co-ordinator.

Applicants must also successfully complete prerequisites in statistics, political science, and economics as described in detail below. These prerequisites may be satisfied by the completion of appropriate course work at the intermediate undergraduate level or higher in each of the subjects listed.

Completed statistics courses should be approximately equivalent to Administration 50.552 described under Master of Arts, p.299. Candidates may, with permission of the School, satisfy the statistics prerequisite by completing this course with at least B+ standing concurrently with the Ph.D. program.

Prerequisites in political science and economics must be completed prior to entry. Completed courses in political science should be approximately equivalent to Administration 50.567 or Administration 50.568. With permission of the Graduate Coordinator, this requirement may be done, as a directed study in the summer, prior to registration in the program, under the supervision of faculty in the School. Completed courses in economics should be approximately equivalent to Administration 50.523. This course is usually offered at the School in the summer term and equivalent courses may be taken at most universities throughout the academic year. Applicants should seek advice from the supervisor of the Ph.D. program about whether particular courses are acceptable as prerequisites.

Advanced Standing

Advanced standing will not normally be granted for any of the required courses described below. If granted, advanced standing will be limited to 1.0 credit.

Program Requirements

The program consists of the following elements:

* 4.5 credits of course work

* Preparation for and writing of one comprehensive examination, normally written in August of the first year

* Public defence of a written thesis proposal

* A thesis equivalent to 4.5 credits

* A language requirement

Course Component

Courses will normally be taken in the First year, and the fall of the Second year. Students in the doctoral program are required to complete the following:

* Six 0.5 credits; Administration 50.604, 50.605, 50.606, 50.607, 50.608, 50.609. A GPA of 9.0 (B+) or better overall must be obtained in these courses before proceeding to the comprehensive examination.

* Administration 50.610

* 1.0 credit that constitutes one area of specialization beyond the public policy foundations covered in the core courses. These courses will be chosen by the student after consultation with, and approval by, the student's academic supervisor and the Ph.D. co-ordinator

These courses will normally be graduate courses offered by the School or by the Departments of Political Science and Economics, or directed studies (50.691 and 50.692). However, other courses may be approved. Doctoral students taking courses at the master's level will be subject to enhanced course requirements. When necessary, students must arrange formal approval from the relevant department for admission to courses.

Comprehensive Examinations

Students will write a general comprehensive examination, normally in August of the First year. This examination will focus primarily on material emanating from the required first year courses. At the discretion of the examining board, a candidate whose performance is not fully satisfactory may be asked to take an oral examination or a second written examination.

Preparation for the comprehensive examination will be assisted through a tutorial as described below.

Thesis

Following the successful completion of the comprehensive examinations, students will prepare a formal thesis proposal under a committee composed of the supervisor and two other faculty members. The thesis supervisor will normally be a faculty member from the School of Public Policy and Administration. Each committee must consist of at least one political scientist and one economist. Under normal circumstances, the proposal must be defended by the end of the fall term of the third year of full-time registration.The thesis must demonstrate an advanced ability to integrate the politics and economics of public policy. The thesis must be defended at an oral examination.

Language Requirement

A reading knowledge of French will be required according to normal university Ph.D. language examination procedures. Another language may be substituted for French if it is essential for the thesis.

Graduate Courses

Not all of the following courses are offered in a given year. For an up-to-date statement of course offerings for 2001-2002, please consult the Registration Instructions and Class Schedule booklet published in the summer.

Required Courses - M.A.

Administration 50.500

Public-Sector Management and the Can-adian Political System

An examination of the principles and processes of public sector management as it functions through the institutions of cabinet-parliamentary government. Both institutional reforms and changes in the philosophy of public sector management are examined in the Canadian federal government and in a comparative context.

Administration 50.501

The International Policy Framework

An examination of the international initiatives and rules within which national development policies are developed and implemented.

Administration 50.502

The Political Economy of Regulation

An examination of political, economic, legal, and organizational theories of regulation in the Canadian and comparative context, and of the processes and consequences of regulatory practice in selected Canadian public policy fields.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.568.

Administration 50.504

Implementation, Service Delivery, and Compliance

An examination of the theory and practice of policy implementation, service delivery, and compliance in relation to Canadians as citizens and customers.

Administration 50.508

Environmental Policy

An examination of Canadian environmental policies and programs set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with difference requirements, as Public Administration 50.408, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.510

Management Accounting

An introduction to the principles and concepts of financial and management accounting. It includes illustrations of how accounting data can assist in the decision-making process of private and public organizations, and the limitations of that data.

Administration 50.511

Financial Management

An introduction to several concepts and techniques relevant to obtaining long term funds (debt and equity), and to comparing alternative uses of those funds (NPV and IRR). Other topics may include: financial ratios; pension management; and derivative contracts.

Administration 50.517

Project Management

An examination of the managerial, organizational and financial issues and processes involved in the development and implementation of development projects.

Administration 50.522

Macroeconomics for Management and Policy

Introductory knowledge of macroeconomics is presumed (subjects such as aggregate supply and demand, and concepts such as the multiplier). Contemporary macroeconomic issues (including active short-run stabilization policy, long-run growth, deficits and debt) and the conceptual frameworks available to analyze these issues.

Administration 50.523

Microeconomics for Management and Policy

Introductory knowledge of microeconomics is presumed (subjects such as the competitive model and concepts such as elasticity). Consumer and producer theory, and certain exceptions to the competitive model that are particularly relevant to public policy (including externalities, public goods, imperfect competition).

Administration 50.524

Applied Microeconomic Policy Analysis

An examination of how microeconomic theory can be applied to analyze actual public policy problems and issues.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.523.

Administration 50.530

Organization Theory

Major theoretical approaches to the study of organizations, including bureaucratic theory, scientific management, human relations, class theory and gender theory. Developments such as technology and organization, total quality management, empowerment and democratization strategies, and quality of working life.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.500* or the equivalent.

Administration 50.531

Co-operative Work Term

Prerequisites: Registration in the Co-operative Education Option of the Master of Arts program and permission of the School.

Administration 50.532

Co-operative Work Term

Prerequisites: Registration in the Co-operative Education Option of the Master of Arts program and permission of the School.

Administration 50.533

Co-operative Work Term

Prerequisites: Registration in the Co-operative Education Option of the Master of Arts program and permission of the School.

Administration 50.536

Law of Public Authorities I

The legal environment of Canadian public administration, Canadian law, institutions and processes. Introduction to Canadian legal history, adversarial adjudicative procedure, delegating power to public authorities. Criminal prohibition and licensing to influence behaviour, procedural justice in government decision making, controls on public authorities, enforcement of ethics.

Administration 50.540

Science and Technology Policies

An examination of theory and practice regarding governmental policies for science and technology, and regarding the use of scientific or objective knowledge in the policy and regulatory processes of government. The course examines concerns regarding the ethical issues and the transparency of science in government.

Administration 50.541

Technology, Firms and Systems of Innovation

An examination of broad theories of the political economy of technological change. Such theories include those informed by neo-classical economics, recent evolutionary economic and institutionally oriented innovation studies.

Administration 50.543

Science, Risk and Evaluation

An examination of risk-benefit theories and practices and related issues in the evaluation of science and technology; including how they are handled in applied regulatory and policy institutions in selected sectors (e.g. Pesticides; health protection; biotechnology).

Administration 50.544

The Nature of Science

An examination for non-scientists of key ideas and concepts of science crucial to understanding science as an intellectual activity and experimental process. Ideas and concepts are linked to key areas where policy must have a scientific underpinning (e.g. Eco-systems, energy and resources, biotechnology, biodiversity and radiation).

Administration 50.551

Quantitative Methods I

An introduction to: descriptive statistics which are used to summarize information; probability theory and sampling distributions, which permit researchers to make valid predictions about population parameters from sample statistics; and the testing of hypotheses about quantitative and qualitative population parameters.

Administration 50.552

Quantitative Methods II

The use of correlation and regression analyses to test hypotheses about the relationships between social-economic variables. The course covers simple-linear and multiple regression techniques, the underlying assumptions of ordinary least squares regression, and what can be done when some of these assumptions are violated.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.551.

Administration 50.560

Sustainable Development and Industrial and Innovation Policy

An examination of sustainable development ideas and ethics and their links to Canadian and comparative industrial and innovation policies including policies that affect: Research & Development incentives, intellectual property, trade and competition, and the knowledge-based services delivered by government to business and consumers. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.460*, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.563

Qualitative Research in Public Organizations

This course deals with methods used in qualitative social research. The topics covered include the formulation of research problems, research design and techniques for collecting and managing non-quantitative evidence, and the role of qualitative research in the analysis of public policies and programs.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.562.

Administration 50.567

Political Economy of the State

An examination of theories of the modern state, drawing on different political economy traditions (for example, liberal, institutional, marxist, feminist). It provides an understanding of the central debates on the proper role of government that have shaped the state in the past, and that are currently shaping it for the future.

Administration 50.568

Policy and Decision Making

An examination of policy analysis: definition, design, implementation, evaluation. Formal institutional structures and processes of policy formulation and implementation, theoretical issues concerning how policy is grounded in an understanding of the state, democracy and citizenship.

Prerequisites: Administration 50.500 or the equivalent and 50.567.

Administration 50.587

Trade Policy

An examination of Canadian multilateral and regional trade policies and programs set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.487, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.588

Structural Adjustment Policy

An examination of structural adjustment policies and programs with a comparative focus on developing countries, but also including their relations with developed countries.

International Affairs 46.507

Theories of Development and Underdevelopment

A comparative analysis of approaches to the study of development processes and underdevelopment, including structural-functional, neo-classical, Marxist, and dependency theories.

International Affairs 46.508

Development Planning: Theory and Practice

Third World development plans and strategies and their impacts; techniques employed in development planning, including social cost-benefit analysis, budgeting, and problems in development administration.

International Affairs 46.537

Macroeconomics in a Development Context

An examination of macroeconomic theory and policy in the context of the developing countries, with special emphasis upon theory and policy for open economies, structural adjustment to international disequilibration, exchange rate and balance of payments management, fiscal and financial policy.

Optional Courses - M.A.

Administration 50.503

Policy and Administration in Intergovernmental Relations

An examination of the major cost-sharing and fiscal transfer agreements, and the intergovernmental mechanisms for policy and administrative coordination in selected policy fields.

Administration 50.506

Social Movements, Interests and the Policy Process

An examination of the roles of social movements and interests in the policy process in a Canadian and comparative context.

Administration 50.507

Comparative Research on Policy and Policy Management

An examination of methodologies and issues of comparative research on policy and public management among and between developed and developing countries.

Administration 50.509

Health Policy

An examination of Canadian health policies and programs set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.409*, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.513

Budget Decision Making and Budgeting

A study of selected aspects of the expenditure and revenue budget and budgetary process at all levels of government. Student papers are oriented towards critical review of actual budgets and budgetary processes.

Prerequisites: Administration 50.523 and 50.568.

Administration 50.515

Management in the Public Service

An examination through cases and research of selected problems and issues in public service management. The specific focus of the course will change each year; some topics include human resources management, government investment, and pricing decisions.

Administration 50.516

Urban and Local Government Management

An analysis of the principal issues and processes of Canadian urban and local government management and administration.

Administration 50.517

Project Management

An examination of the managerial, organizational and financial issues and processes involved in the development and implementation of development projects.

Administration 50.519

Management in the Para-Public Sector

An examination of managerial theory and practice in the para-public sector including voluntary organizations, interest groups, state-owned and mixed enterprises, and partnership arrangements.

Administration 50.520

Public-Sector Investment and Pricing

An examination of theory and practice related to decision making about public-sector investment and pricing policy, particularly large-scale projects and programs. Applied cost-benefit analysis (discount rates, marginal cost and shadow pricing, and the handling of risk and uncertainty) in large-scale public investment choices.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.523

Administration 50.525

The Canadian Economy

An overview of Canadian economic development and how it has been affected by governments. Topics may be drawn from monetary, fiscal, industrial, trade, labour-market or competition policies, viewed in contemporary and historical contexts.

Prerequisites: Administration 50.522 and 50.523.

Administration 50.528

Management Information Systems

An examination of the fundamentals of MIS: the nature of systems, information, and management processes, including concepts of data-processing technology, systems design, organizational impacts of information systems, and hardware and software considerations.

Administration 50.537

Law of Public Authorities II

An examination of characteristics and selected problems of control of administrative action. Topics include: varieties of traditional and constitutional, legal and judicial control, impact of the Charter, reforms to administrative law control systems in Canada, and comparisons with developments outside Canada. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Law 51.457 for which additional credit is precluded.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.536.

Administration 50.538

The Management of Provincial Government

A comparative analysis of public-sector management structures and processes at the provincial level of government. Topics examined include personnel and financial systems, regional administration, public utilities, direct interprovincial program and project management, and international activities of provinces.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.500 or the equivalent.

Administration 50.559

Tax Policy

An examination of Canadian tax policies set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.459, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.562

Planning and Evaluation in Government I

An examination of selected concepts, issues, and processes in applied governmental planning and evaluation, utilizing both Canadian and comparative experiences.

Administration 50.564

Social Policy

A seminar which will study the nature and historical development of social programs and the welfare state in capitalist countries, with particular focus on Canada. The course will concentrate on developing a critical understanding of the social forces shaping these programs and evaluating the implications of current debate on the future of social policy in Canada. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.464, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.569

Economic Models of Politics

An introduction to the application of microeconomic conceptual frameworks to political processes. Topics may include: types of market failure; interest group formation; collective choice mechanisms; the influence of legislative institutions on policy outcomes; principal-agent relationships and the bureaucracy.

Prerequisite: Administration 50.523.

Administration 50.570

Policy Seminar

An examination of one or more selected policy areas. The focus will be an analytical assessment of the selected policy area in terms of its many-sided economic, political, social, legal, quantitative, and administrative complexities. The policy field will change each year.

Administration 50.571

Gender and Public Policy

An examination of policy and policy making as they pertain to gender relations within the state as well as in society at large. The course looks at the negative and positive effects of public policy on gender relations in the family and the labour market. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.471, for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.572 , 50.573

Policy Seminars

An examination of one or more selected policy areas. The focus will be an analytical assessment of the selected policy area in terms of its many-sided economic, political, social, legal, quantitative, and administrative complexities. The policy field will change each year.

Administration 50.574

Regional Policy

Theory and practice of regional policy - the Canadian and Third World experience. Regionalism and regional economic concerns, alternative policy approaches, a critical review of Canadian efforts with emphasis on how federalism shapes perceptions of regional issues and influences the approach to solutions. Also offered at theundergraduate level, with different requirements, as 50.474 for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.575

Advanced Statistical Policy Analysis

An examination of econometric research on selected policy issues. The issues considered vary each year and the analysis incorporates the study of selected econometric techniques. The course enables students to evaluate critically applied econometric studies of public policy.

Administration 50.581

Human Resources Management

An introduction to the field of human resources management including the roles of human resource departments, employee motivation, staffing, compensation, benefits, training and development and employee relations.

Administration 50.584

Industrial Relations and Public Sector Collective Bargaining

An analysis of the basic concepts of industrial relations, with respect to both public- and private-sector employees and organizations.

Administration 50.586

Aboriginal Policy

An examination of Canadian policies and programs on aboriginal peoples and aboriginal peoples' own policies as nations set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.486 , for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.589

Education Policy

An examination of Canadian policies and programs on education set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context. Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as Public Administration 50.489 , for which additional credit is precluded.

Administration 50.591

Directed Studies

A tutorial or directed reading course on selected subjects.

Administration 50.592

Directed Studies

A tutorial or directed reading course on selected subjects.

Administration 50.593

Directed Studies

A tutorial or directed reading course on selected subjects.

Administration 50.597

Special Project in Development Administration

Administration 50.598F2, W2, S2

Research Essay

Administration 50.599F4, W4, S4

M.A. Thesis

Required Courses - Ph.D

Note: All courses are 0.5 credit (one-term) courses unless otherwise indicated. Ph.D. courses are open to master's students with approval of the School.

Administration 50.604

Policy Fields, Instruments and Institutions I

An examination of comparative and Canadian theories and analyses of policy fields, instruments and institutions, with emphasis on selected fields (including social, labour market and industrial policy) and instruments (including public expenditure, taxation and regulation.)

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.600.

Administration 50.605

Policy Fields, Instruments and Institutions II

An examination of different approaches to understanding the roles of ideas, interests, and institutions in the policy process from a political science perspective. Topics may include discourse coalitions, policy learning, neo-institutionalism, policy communities, citizenship, community and contemporary challenges to democratic government.

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.600.

Administration 50.606

The Political Economy of Public Policy I

An examination of various structural approaches to the political economy of public policy, including institutional, marxist, and other broad frameworks. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of these approaches to our understanding of social and economic changes and the role of public policy in shaping them.

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.601.

Administration 50.607

The Political Economy of Public Policy II

An examination of the microanalytic foundations of the political economy of public policy, with application to selected policy issues. Topics may include welfare economics and public goods, group formation, collective choice mechanisms, voting behaviour, evolution of institutions and norms, principal-agent problems, and bureaucracy.

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.601.

Administration 50.608

Economics of Public Policy I

An examination of advanced topics in microeconomic theory, including consumption, production and industrial organization, with application to selected policy issues.

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.602.

Administration 50.609

Economics of Public Policy II

Selected application of economic theory to various contemporary public policy problems and issues. Topics chosen for study will vary from year to year. Emphasis is placed on the presentation by students of critical analyses of relevant literature.

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.602.

Administration 50.610F1, W1, S1

Public Policy Research

An examination through analyses of selected current research projects of basic applied research issues, philosophies, and problems in public policy research.

Precludes additional credit for Administration 50.603.

Administration 50.690F2, W2, S2

Ph.D. Tutorial

A tutorial specifically designed as preparation for the general comprehensive examination, under the direction of two or more faculty members. The grade to be awarded will be that obtained on the general written examination.

Administration 50.691 F1, W1, S1

Ph.D. Specialization Tutorial

A Ph.D. tutorial covering advanced theory and research in an area of specialization generally related to public policy. Specific topics will be selected in consultation with, and must be approved by, the academic supervisor and Ph.D. coordinator.

Administration 50.692 F1, W1,S1

Ph.D. Specialization Tutorial

A Ph.D. tutorial covering advanced theory and research in an area of specialization generally related to public policy. Specific topics will be selected in consultation with, and must be approved by, the academic supervisor and Ph.D. coordinator.

Administration 50.699F10, W10, S10

Ph.D. Thesis

Students will normally be supervised by faculty in the School of Public Administration but may also seek supervision from faculty in other social science departments, schools, and institutes.